|
In addition to the generally accepted taxonomic name ''Homo sapiens'' (Latin: "wise man" or "knowing man"), other Latin-based names for the human species have been created to refer to various aspects of the human character. Some of these are ironic of the self-ascribed nobility immanent in the choice of ''sapiens'', others are serious references to human universals that may be considered a defining characteristics of the species. Most of these refer to linguistic, intellectual, spiritual, aesthetic, social or technological abilities taken to be unique to humanity. ==In philosophy== The mixture of serious and tongue-in-cheek self-designation originates with Plato, who on one hand defined man as it were taxonomically as "featherless biped"〔Plato defined a human as a featherless, biped animal and was applauded. Diogenes of Sinope plucked a chicken and brought it into the lecture hall, saying: "Here is Plato's human!", Diogenes Laertius, ''Lives of Philosophers'' 6.40〕 and on the other as ', as "political" or "state-building animal" (Aristotle's term, based on Plato's ''Statesman''). Harking back to Plato's ' are a number of later descriptions of man as an animal with a certain characteristic. Notably ''animal rationabile'' "animal capable of rationality", a term used in medieval scholasticism (with reference to Aristotle), and also used by e.g. Carl von Linné 1760, Immanuel Kant 1798. Based on the same pattern is ''animal sociale'' or "social animal" ''animal laborans'' "laboring animal" (Hannah Arendt 1958〔) and ''animal symbolicum'' "symbolizing animal" (Ernst Cassirer 1944). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names for the human species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|